Question
Which of the following are the reasons for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India?
1. Genetic predisposition of some people.
2. Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases
3. Using antibiotics in livestock farming.
4. Multiple chronic diseases in some people
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4
(d) 2, 3 and 4
Answer:
B
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Explanation:
The occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India can be attributed to two main factors:
1. Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases: Improper or inadequate use of antibiotics, such as not completing the full course of prescribed antibiotics or self-medication without proper medical guidance, can contribute to the development of drug resistance. When antibiotics are not used appropriately, the pathogens have a higher chance of surviving and developing resistance to the drugs.
2. Using antibiotics in livestock farming: The use of antibiotics in livestock farming, particularly for growth promotion and disease prevention, can contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. When antibiotics are used extensively in animals, it can lead to the spread of resistant bacteria through the food chain and environmental contamination.
Genetic predisposition and multiple chronic diseases may play a role in individual susceptibility to infections or treatment outcomes but are not direct causes of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens.