Question
With reference to Indian history, which of the following is/are the essential element/elements of the feudal system?
1. A very strong centralized political authority and a very weak provincial or local political authority
2. Emergence of administrative structure based on control and possession of land
3. Creation of lord-vassal relationship between the feudal lord and his overlord
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer:
B
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Explanation:
In the feudal system, the essential elements include:
Emergence of administrative structure based on control and possession of land: The feudal system was characterized by the distribution of land by the central authority to lords or vassals in exchange for their loyalty and service. The possession and control of land formed the basis of the feudal hierarchy.
Creation of lord-vassal relationship between the feudal lord and his overlord: The feudal system involved a hierarchical relationship between a lord and his vassals. The lord granted land (fief) to vassals in return for their loyalty, military service, and other obligations. The vassals pledged their allegiance and performed duties for their lords.
Option 1, which states a very strong centralized political authority and a very weak provincial or local political authority, is not an essential element of the feudal system. The power dynamics between the central authority and local political authorities could vary in different feudal systems.